Chapter 5: VERBALS
A VERBAL is a verb that acts as a different
part of speech, like a noun or an adjective.
A VERBAL PHRASE is a phrase that begins with a verb or verbal.
There are three kinds of verbals:
1. A GERUND is a verb that acts like a noun. They can be used any
way a noun can be used, including as the subject or the object of
a sentence. All gerunds end in -ing. (But not all words that end in -ing are gerunds!)
EXAMPLES:
Volunteering makes Julio feel happy.
Julio loves volunteering.
A GERUND PHASE is a phrase that begins with a gerund. (It still
acts like a noun.)
EXAMPLES:
Climbing over the fence is not
as easy as it looks!
Cutting in line is usually rude.
2. A PARTICIPLE is a verb that acts as an adjective.
A PAST PARTICIPLE modifies or describes a noun in the past tense.
They usually end in -n, -en, -t, -ed, or -d.
EXAMPLES:
Swollen eyes
Broken noodles
A PRESENT PARTICIPLE describes a noun in the present tense.
They always end in -ing. (Just add "-ing" to a verb!)
EXAMPLES:
Sammi's eyes are swelling.
Riley is breaking the noodles.
A PARTICIPLE PHRASE is a phrase that begins with a participle. (It still acts like an adjective.)
EXAMPLES:
Resting in the shade, Nonna didn't notice us.
Locked in the tower, Rapunzel was bored.
3. An INFINITIVE is a verb form that always begins with "to." They
can be used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs.
EXAMPLES:
Jamal needs to sit. ← acts like a noun
Priya went to the library to study. ← acts like an adverb
Rocky road is the best flavor to pick. ← acts like an adjective
QUICKIES FOR KOREANS
Gerunds and present participles both end in -ing. You can tell what
kind of verbal an -ing word is by the way it's used in a sentence.
If it's used as a noun, it's a gerund. If it's used as an adjective,
it's a present participle.
example:
Skiing down the mountain gave Zach a thrill. ← the verbal phrase is a noun. Gerund!
Skiing down the mountain, Zach got a thrill. ← the verbal phrase is an adjective. Present participle!
CONGRATULATIONS!! You finished Chapter 5! Keep going! (포기하지 마!!) |
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