Chapter 1: SENTENCES
SENTENCES are formed by words, phrases, and clauses.
A PHRASE is a group of words that acts as a single part of speech.
A phrase can't be a complete sentence because it is always missing either a subject or a verb.
Examples:
I caught three wriggly fish. ~ (three wriggly fish is a noun phrase)
The music was much louder on the dance floor.
THINK:
If your friend says, "the polka-dot tie," you might be confused and ask, "Well, what about the polka-dot tie?"
There's no verb in that statement! It's a phrase.
SUBJECT
You can identify the subject of a sentence by asking yourself: Who or what is the sentence about?
OR Who or what is performing the action?
(PARTS OF SPEECH
Noun: a word that identifies or names. (Think: a person, place, thing, feeling, or idea)
Adjective: a word that MODIFIES or describes a noun.(Think: color, size, shape, texture, feeling or idea)
Verb: a word that expresses action or a state of being. (Think: action or state of existence.)
Adverb: a word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. (Think: How? When? Where? How often? In what way?)
Preposition: a word or group of words that expresses relationship. (Think: direction, time, place, or location)
QUICKIES FOR KOREANS:
If you are a Korean, you might have trouble with the r/l sound in English, resulting in most Koreans saying 'Engrish' instead of English. Instead of pushing your tongue back, like how you'd usually, try to click it against your teeth. To practice, say 라디오 MULTIPLE TIMES before practicing that 'R' sound on its own.
In Hangul, Korean sentences are formed by Subject, Object, then Verb. (In English, you say 'I apple eat', rather than 'I eat an apple.') In English, the sentence structure is SVO (Subject, Verb, Object). You say what you are talking about, describe it, then whatever the subject is doing.
CHALLENGE: Say: 'I read a really good book.'
A CLAUSE is a group of words that always includes a subject and a verb:
You dyed your hair pink.
You are the subject, you are the one who dyed your hair.
Dyed is the verb, it tells us what you did. Since you move to dye your hair, it is called an action. Dying your hair is an action, it is a verb.
If we change the noun to a person, the case will only be a bit different:
Eun-bi dyed her hair pink.
Eun-bi is the subject. Dyed is the verb. Eun-bi is the one who dyed her hair, not you.
There are two types of clauses:
An INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
can stand alone as a complete sentence.
Example:
We roasted s'mores.
(This is a complete idea since it does not indicate more to come.) | A DEPENDENT CLAUSE
can't stand alone as a complete sentence.
It depends on help from other words or phrases to express a complete idea.
Example:
When the campfire was ready, we roasted s'mores.
(Needs help!) |
There are three types of dependent clauses:
- 1. NOUN CLAUSE: a dependent clause that acts like a noun.
- 2. ADJECTIVE CLAUSE: a dependent clause that acts like an adjective.
- 3. ADVERB CLAUSE: a dependent clause that acts like an adverb.
A SENTENCE is a group of words, clauses, and phrases that express a complete idea. A sentence only needs a subject and a verb, but adding phrases and clauses makes it more complex.
There are four types of sentences:
A SIMPLE SENTENCE has one independent clause:
'I love pizza.'
A COMPOUND SENTENCE has two or more independent clauses.
'I love pizza because it is delicious.'
A COMPLEX SENTENCE has one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.
'Because Oscar loves pizza, he got a job at the pizza parlor.' (Dependent: Because Oscar loves pizza,)
A COMPOUND COMPLEX SENTENCE has at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.
'Because Oscar loves pizza, he got a job at a pizza parlor, and he is very happy!'
*Because Oscar loves pizza, (dependent clause) he got a job at a pizza parlor (independent clause 1), and he is very happy! (independent clause 2)*
CONJUCTIONS are words that link words, phrases, or clauses together in a sentence.
COORDINATING CONJUCTIONS connect independent clauses. They are always placed between clauses.
COORDINATING CONJUCTIONS INCLUDE FOR, AND, NOR, BUT, OR, YET, SO, SINCE AND OVER 100 OTHERS!!
SUBORDINATING CONJUCTIONS connect independent clauses to dependent clauses.
SUUBORDINATING CONJUCTIONS INCLUSE AFTER, AS, BECAUSE, BEFORE, EVEN THOUGH, IF, SINCE, UNTIL, WHENEVER, WHETHER, AND A WHOLE LOT MORE!
POP QUIZ!!
Find eight mistakes in the paragraph below. Then rewrite the paragraph so it's correct.
On the first day of summer vacation. I was so excited to relax and
unwind at the beach with my family.
Ate breakfast quickly and
dashed to the car. Ready to go! Riding along the back seat. the
beach suddenly came into view. i couldn't wait to sink my toes into
the sand.
We carried all the beach gear to our spot, I was finally
able to relax. I closed my eyes and listened as seagulls sqawked
overhead. Crashing on the shore, I could hear the waves. The sun's
rays felt warm on my skin. A gentle breeze blew since ruffled my
hair. Next to me, my brother and dad planned their sandcastle.
We arrived at the beach early the sandcastle could be gigantic! |
Good job! You finished chapter one! Make sure to write notes and make your own sentences!
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